La prospectiva tecnológica desde la perspectiva de las capacidades centrales en centros de investigación
Resumen
En la actualidad, las organizaciones deben estar preparadas para los cambios tecnológicos que les presenta su entorno y anticiparlos para ajustar su estrategia tecnológica. Esto se logra a través de la prospectiva tecnológica. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo la prospectiva tecnológica puede ser una capacidad central de una organización, específicamente de un centro de investigación. Para ello, se tomó como caso de estudio el área de electroquímica del Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ). Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a los actores principales encargados de la prospectiva tecnológica. Allí se identificaron cuatro factores clave para que la prospectiva tecnológica sea una capacidad central en una organización: 1) conocimiento técnico y habilidad para interpretar tendencias, 2) codificación del conocimiento y habilidades en herramientas técnicas, 3) establecimiento fuentes de información y roles, y 4), socialización del ejercicio de prospectiva tecnológica en la organización. Además, se contribuye al tema al aportar un enfoque desde la administración estratégica y, específicamente, a las capacidades centrales de una organización, para que acceso a mercados potenciales, incrementen los beneficios percibidos por los clientes y desarrollen una ventaja competitiva difícil de imitar.
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