Neuroeconomía y toma de decisiones financieras: aproximación desde una revisión sistemática de literatura
Resumen
El estudio de la toma de decisiones financieras es un campo emergente de investigación básica y aplicada. Frente a este panorama, los avances en el conocimiento del funcionamiento cognitivo permiten generar la pregunta de cómo, desde la neuroeconomía, se analiza la toma de decisiones financieras. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo principal analizar estudios relacionados sobre neuroeconomía, haciendo énfasis en aquellos enfocados a comprender la toma de decisiones financieras. Para ello se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura soportada en la base de datos Web of Science para identificar las principales referencias sobre el tema, teniendo en cuenta su tipo de publicación, autores, área de conocimiento, palabras clave, enfoque e instrumentos utilizados. Con base en la estrategia metodológica propuesta, se identificaron diferentes trabajos que han analizado la toma de decisiones financieras desde otras perspectivas: riesgo financiero, finanzas personales, decisiones de inversión, entre otros, siendo el diseño de experimentos, apoyado por imágenes diagnósticas, los estudios de mayor impacto. Finalmente, la revisión sistemática encuentra que los estudios de alto impacto se ubican en Estados Unidos y Europa con una ampliación a lo largo del tiempo de técnicas empíricas y experimentales para comprender el proceso de toma de decisiones financieras; adicionalmente, esta revisión pretende ser referente de subsiguientes investigaciones relacionadas en América Latina.
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