Microencapsulación por secado por aspersión de compuestos bioactivos en diversas matrices: una revisión
Resumen
La microencapsulación mediante secado por aspersión es una técnica ampliamente empleada en la protección de compuestos bioactivos, en especial sobre los polifenoles en diferentes matrices; además, es una de las técnicas más sencillas y económicas de secado, lo cual ha favorecido su transferencia tecnológica a escala industrial. Por esta razón, este artículo tiene como propósito analizar, a partir de estudios previamente reportados, los parámetros de operación empleados en la implementación de los métodos para la microencapsulación de compuestos bioactivos presentes en diversas matrices, con el fin de identificar las condiciones efectivas para futuras aplicaciones. La revisión de los estudios publicados se realizó en un período comprendido entre 2010 y 2021 en bases de datos indexadas, donde los parámetros evaluados se centraron en: las condiciones de operación, materiales encapsulantes, morfología de las microcápsulas y la eficiencia de la microencapsulación. Los resultados permitieron identificar los parámetros más críticos, entre los que sobresalen la temperatura de entrada y salida del aire, así como los materiales encapsulantes, los cuales influyen directamente en la protección de los polifenoles, que son en su mayoría termolábiles, de esta manera, se pudo constatar en los estudios revisados el alcance de una mayor eficiencia y vida útil con respecto a las propiedades funcionales, al optimizar las condiciones de operación mencionada, y se constata que los resultados reportados conllevan a la obtención de microcápsulas de matrices que pueden ser empleadas como materia prima y producto final de mayor calidad, o para estudios in vitro de liberación controlada para la industria alimentaria, farmacéutica o cosmética.
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