Empresas B y desarrollo sostenible: tendencias globales a partir de un análisis bibliométrico (1991-2023)
Resumen
Objetivo: esta investigación analiza la evolución literaria presentada en torno de las empresas B y sus cinco dimensiones (gobierno, comunidad, trabajadores, medioambiente y clientes) relacionadas con la sostenibilidad empresarial, identificando patrones científicos y brechas en el conocimiento.
Diseño/metodología: se realizó una minería de datos científica de las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science (WoS), utilizando tres herramientas informáticas especializadas: la interfaz del software R Biblioshiny, Vantage Point y VOSviewer. Se tomó como intervalo las últimas 4 décadas y se identificaron 98 artículos de revista de alto impacto.
Resultados: los países que lideran la investigación mundial en tópicos como responsabilidad social corporativa y sostenibilidad son China y Reino Unido. Los temas principales, de acuerdo con el análisis de coocurrencia de palabras claves, son el desarrollo sostenible, la sostenibilidad, y la responsabilidad social corporativa junto con el desempeño ambiental; la mayor relación presentada entre estas temáticas es en su respectivo orden con empresas B, desarrollo sostenible, sostenibilidad y responsabilidad social corporativa.
Conclusiones: las investigaciones actuales sobre empresas B han tratado de forma desarticulada las temáticas en torno al gobierno corporativo y su responsabilidad social, los diferentes grupos de interés con sus teorías, y la sostenibilidad con el desarrollo sostenible. Por tanto, futuras líneas de investigación se pueden realizar analizando la relación entre el gobierno corporativo y la responsabilidad social junto con los grupos de interés.
Originalidad: este trabajo realiza relevantes aportes sobre la dimensión de las organizaciones B y su relación con la sostenibilidad empresarial generando una agenda futura sobre futuras investigaciones.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Alfredo Enrique Sanabria-Ospino, Diana Milena López García, Fabio Andrés Puerta-Guardo, William Stive Fajardo-Moreno, Ana Susana Cantillo-Orozco
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