Motivaciones y barreras en la utilización de estrategias de e-marketing en pymes catalanas y el encaje del consumidor: el caso de la comarca del Alt Empordà
Resumen
Las respuestas por parte de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) en diferentes contextos a la hora de adaptar y aplicar las herramientas digitales en sus estrategias de marketing presentan diversos desafíos. El estudio se aplicó en la comarca Alt Empordà, de Cataluña (España) y buscó analizar las estrategias de e-marketing que adoptan las pymes e identificar las principales motivaciones y barreras en su utilización. La investigación también identificó qué estrategias de e-marketing implementadas por las empresas son mejor valoradas por los consumidores. Para ello se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo mediante el análisis de un caso en una microempresa, y se implementó una investigación cuantitativa a través de dos cuestionarios estructurados para recopilar información de propietarios y gerentes de 83 pymes y 351 consumidores. Los resultados evidenciaron que las empresas implementan el marketing digital en sus planes de mercadotecnia, más desde una visión operativa que estratégica. Se identificaron como principales barreras el tamaño de las empresas, el tipo de producto o servicio y el tipo de cliente, así como el poco reconocimiento por parte de las empresas de la necesidad de herramientas digitales. Además, se demostró la facilidad de lograr mejor visibilidad y alcance, y que el seguimiento de las tendencias de la sociedad digital emergen como principales motivaciones. Se concluye que hay una tendencia clara en la utilización de e-marketing por parte de las pymes analizadas, aunque también se infiere que los impulsores están enmarcados en el seguimiento de tendencias, en la búsqueda de una mayor visibilidad de las empresas en un entorno online, y no tanto en visualizar claramente los beneficios que este tipo de estrategia aportaría al negocio.
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