Energy consumption in plastic industry - review of studies developed
Abstract
The level of energy consumption for the production of plastics is a variable that in recent years has gained great importance due to its environmental impact on energy rational use, and its representative cost for production. This paper contains a brief explanation of the importance of quantifying the energy consumption required for the production of plastic parts, as well as how to measure variables such as consumption fixed and variable, and determine the specific energy consumption for processing plants, for processes and equipment. Subsequently, it describes several studies about energy consumption rates relevant to the plastics industry in Colombia and different countries that count large polymer processing plants. This paper is made in order to provide a basic reference material to researchers interested in this topic.
References
Acoplásticos. (2011). Las materias plásticas en Colombia, principales variables de su evolución en el trienio 2008-2010. Plásticos en Colombia 2011-2012, 81–133.
Arburg (2010). Andaltec –presentación eficiencia energética Inyección rentable Índice. Jornadas de eficiencia energética. Martos, España. Recuperado de: http://andaltec.org/documentacion/pdf/1286263470.pdf
BarcoVision (2008). La monitorización de la energía acarrea un ahorro potencial enorme en las empresas del procesado de plásticos. Recuerado de: https://www.interempresas.net/FeriaVirtual/Catalogos_y_documentos/192311/BARCOVISION_BMS_EnergyMonitoringPlastics.pdf
Bernia, A. (2011). Técnicas para la reducción del consumo energético. Plásticos Universales, 297, 46–47.
Campos, J. C. (2006). Herramientas para el análisis de caracterización de la eficiencia energética. Recuperado de: http://www.revistaciencias.com/publicaciones/EpZyEkkEuulBycVxCr.php.
Canedo, E., & Dreiblatt, A. (2012). Distribution of specific energy in twin-screw corotating extruders using one-dimensional process simulation. ANTEC 2012.
Cantor, K. M. (2010). Analyzing extruder energy consumption. ANTEC 2010, 603–609.
Christiano, J. P., Wheeler, N., Baird, J., & Standard, D. (2011). Improving the energy efficiency of a barrel heater - cooler design for high temperature single screw extrusion applications. ANTEC 2011, 1267–1271.
CIPEC, & Industry, C. P. (2007). Guide to energy efficiency opportunities in the canadian plastics processing industry. Recuperado de: http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/oee.nrcan.gc.ca/files/pdf/industrial/technical-info/benchmarking/plastics/documents/plastics-guide-english-january-2008.pdf
Colbert, J. (2005). A RECIPE for energy management. Recuperado de: www.euRECIPE.com
EU RECIPE. (2005). 2005 European benchmarking survey of energy consumption and adoption of best practice. Recuperado de: http://www.iee-library.eu/index.php?option=com_jombib&task=showbib&id=583
García, V. (2010). Ahorro Energético en los procesos de transformación en materias plásticas con el sistema Ecodry de Frigel. Jornadas de eficiencia energética, Martos, España. Recuperado de: http://andaltec.org/documentacion/pdf/1286263382.pdf
Gong, G., Lu, N., Lu, J. & Yang, Y. (2012). A single machine scheduling strategy for energy saving in injection molding process. ANTEC 2012.
Gough, A., Gaffney, B. & Mccann, B. (2006). A Competitiveness Analysis of the Polymer and Plastics Industry on the Island of Ireland. InterTradeIreland. Plastics Ireland, 88.
Heur, R. Van, & Verheijen, M. (2009). Power Quality & Utilization Guide. Plastics Industry, 22. Recuperado de: http://www.leonardo-energy.org/files/root/pdf/Application_Guide_Plastics.pdf
Hill, B. A. & Figueroa, E. (2007). Administración de los recursos energéticos. Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Recuperado de. http://www.metropol.gov.co/ProduccionLimpia/Documents/Uso%20eficiente%20Energia/Administracion_Recursos_Energeticos.pdf
Huang, Y., & Yang, G. (2012). The Applied Research of Green Production Technologies Based on the Production in Plastic Molding Factories. Energy Procedia, 14, (1), doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.12.887
ICIPC. (2013). Instituto de Capacitación e Investigación del Plástico y del Caucho, ICIPC. Gruoplac Colciencias. Recuperado de: http://201.234.78.173:8080/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000003414
IEA, International Energy Agency. (2013). World energy oulook 2013. World Energy Outlook. Recuperado de: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/world-energy-outlook-2013---executive-summary---spanish-version.html
Ipsom. (2011). Las empresas del sector del plástico pueden ahorrar una media de un 30% en suministro energético. leetu. Recuperado de: http://www.leetu.com/2010/09/02/las-empresas-del-sector-del-plastico-pueden-ahorrar-una-media-de-un-30-en-suministro-energetico/
Ipsom. (2012). Caso exitoso de ahorro de energía en el proceso de inyección. Recuperado de http://www.ipsom.com/proyectos/inyeccion/
Joseph, B. (2003). Energy Efficient Injection Molding Operation. California Edison Company.
KEMA. (2012). Industrial Sectors Market Characterization. Plastic Industry. Oakland, California. Recuperado de: http://calmac.org/publications/Final_Plastics_Market_Characterization.pdf
Kent, R. (2008). Energy Management in Plastics Processing, (1ra Ed.). Londres, Inglaterra: Plastics Information Direct.
Kent, R. (2008b). Energy management in plastics processing framework for measurement, assessment and prediction. Plastics, Rubber and Composites, 37(2/3/4).
Kent, R. (2009). Introduction to energy management for plastics processors. Plastics Technology. Recuperado de: http://www.ptonline.com/articles/introduction-to-energy-management-for-plastics-processors
Kent, R. (2011). Energy Management in Plastics Processing. A Signposting Guide by The British Plastics Federation. Recuperado de: www.bpf.co.uk
Kraussmaffei, T. (2010). BluePower –Eficiencia por KraussMaffei BluePower. Jornadas de eficiencia energética. Martos, España. Recuperado de: http://andaltec.org/documentacion/pdf/1286263428.pdf
Ltd, T. T. (2013). TANGRAM TECHNOLOGY Ltd. - Consulting Engineers for Plastics Products. Retrieved from http://www.tangram.co.uk/
Lu, N., Gong, G., Yang, Y. & Lu, J. (2012). Multi-objective process parameter optimization for energy saving in injection molding process. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A, 13(5), 382–394. doi:10.1631/jzus.A1100250
McCart, M. & Kearns, M. (2012). Case Study: Polymer processing research center Queens University. British Plastics Federation. Recuperado de: http://www.bpf.co.uk/Sustainable_Manufacturing/Energy_Efficiency/Polymer_Processing_Research_Centre.aspx
Men Mena, J. & Estrada, O. (2013). Eficiencia energética en el proceso de extrusión monohusillo con alimentación forzada. ICIPC Colloquium 2013.
Naranjo, A. (2012). Ecoeficiencia en el uso de energía en la industria de plásticos. Tecnología del plástico. Recuperado de: http://www.plastico.com/tp/secciones/TP/ES/MAIN/IN/ARTICULOS/doc_89033_HTML.html?idDocumento=89033
Neelis, M., Worrell, E. & Masanet, E. (2008). Energy Efficiency Improvement and Cost Saving Opportunities for the Petrochemical Industry An Energy Star Guide for Energy and Plant Managers. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1-132.
Noriega, M. del P. & Estrada, O. A. (2011). Uso eficiente de la energía en el procesamiento de plásticos. Tecnología del plástico. Recuperado de: http://www.plastico.com/tp/secciones/TP/ES/MAIN/IN/ARTICULOS/doc_84072_prnIN04.html?idDocumento=84072
Novoa, C. A., Rojas, C. F., Cano, C. C., Rincón, L. M., Sanz, F. S., Caicedo, O. P. y Corredor, A. (2009). Guía metodológica para el uso eficiente de la energía en el sector de plásticos, 52. Recuperado de: http://www.caem.org.co/documentos/600_GUIA_METODOLOGICA_PLASTICOS.pdf
Padur, P. & MacDougall, W. (2011). The Plastics Industry in Germany, (2010). Germany Trade & Invest 10, 1-17.
Pethybridge, E., Hoi, T. & Mui, D. T. (2002). Plastic Industry Environmental Review. Hanoi University of technology Institute for environmental science and institute for environmental science and mental science and technology. Technology Vietnam Cleaner Production Centre, 1-55.
PlasticsEurope & Organisations, (2012). Plastics – the Facts 2012 An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data for 2011. Recuperado de: www.plasticsconverters.eu
Prias Caicedo, O. F. (2010). Programa de uso racional y eficiente de energía y fuentes no convencionales – PROURE. Bogotá - Colombia. Ministerio de Minas y Energía República de Colombia. Plan de Acción 2010-2015, 1-150.
RECIPE (2006). Low Energy Plastics Processing. European Best Practice Guide, 80. Recuperado de: http://www.euRECIPE.com/default.asp?Lang=4&Page=21
RECIPE (2005). European Benchmarking Survey of Energy Consumption and Adoption of Best Practice. Reduced energy consumption in plastics engineering. Recuperado de: http://www.seai.ie/Your_Business/Large_Industry_Energy_Network/Workshop_Presentations/Plastics_recipe.pdf
René, J., Larrotta, S. & Rey, O. P. (2000). Situación energética general del sector de los plásticos en Bogotá. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes.
Santa María, M., Fehr, N.-H. Von Der, Millán, J., Benavides, J., Gracia, O. & Schutt, E. (2009). El mercado de la energía eléctrica en Colombia: características, evolución e impacto sobre otros sectores. Cuadernos de Fedesarrollo, No. 30, 62.
Scheihing, P. (2006). Department of Energy : Save Energy Now Challenges for Energy-Intensive Industries. In SPI Energy Efficiency Workshop. . Industrial Technologies Program Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Chicago, Illinois, 1-23.
SPI & Energy, U. S. D. of. (2005). Improving Energy Efficiency at U.S. Plastics Manufacturing Plants. Recuperado de: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_deployment/pdfs/plastics_report.pdf
Suosa M., F., (2014). Eficiencia energética en una industria de inyección de plásticos: problemas e soluciones. (Tesis de maestría). Universidade do Porto. Portugal.
Tanaka, K. (2008). Assessment of energy efficiency performance measures in industry and their application for policy. Energy Policy, 36(8), 2887–2902. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.03.032
Thiriez, A. & Gutowski, T. (2006). An Environmental Analysis of Injection Molding. Recuperado de: http://web.mit.edu/2.810/www/Thiriez_ISEE_2006.pdf
UNIDO & MITI (1995). Plastic Forming Industry. In Output of a Seminar on Energy Conservation in Plastic Forming Industry. Recuperado de: https://www.unido.org/fileadmin/import/userfiles/puffk/plastic.pdf
Villegas, J. & Naranjo, A. (2013). Eficiencia energética, caso aplicado al proceso de inyección. ICIPC Colloquium 2013. Medellín-Colombia.
Weissman, A., Gupta, S. K., Ananthanarayanan, A. & Sriram, R. D. (2010). A systematic methodology for accurate design-stage estimation of energy consumption for injection molded parts. Proceedings of the ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference.
