Competitividad de empresas rurales impulsadas por millennials en Antioquia
Resumen
La competitividad empresarial se define como la capacidad de una empresa para participar en el mercado con una ventaja competitiva. Dicha competitividad puede analizarse por medio de diferentes enfoques como la visión basada en recursos (RBV, por sus siglas en inglés) y medirse desde una perspectiva multidimensional. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la competitividad de empresas rurales dirigidas por una población milénica conformada por estudiantes de pregrado egresados de diferentes facultades de ciencias agrícolas en Antioquia (Colombia). Se enviaron un total de 1242 correos electrónicos solicitando diligenciar un cuestionario en línea, respondiendo 432 personas (34.78 %), de las cuales el 11.91 % ya tiene un negocio en funcionamiento (148 empresas). Una vez calculado el índice de competitividad, se realizó un análisis estadístico multidimensional para identificar diferencias entre regiones, sectores económicos, estado (empresa formal o informal), número de empleados y edad de la empresa. De acuerdo con los resultados, las empresas de servicios en áreas rurales, aquellas inscritas en la cámara de comercio y aquellas con mayor número de empleados y más tiempo en el mercado presentan un mejor índice de competitividad. Las principales limitaciones, no obstante, se observan en los componentes estrategia competitiva y marketing. Dado que el índice de competitividad puede tener un valor máximo de 10, valores en el rango de 5.68 a 6.79 indican un nivel medio de competitividad y, por lo tanto, implican que los demás componentes del índice de competitividad deben mejorarse para lograr mayores niveles de competitividad.
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