Medición y evaluación de las capacidades de innovación tecnológica: una revisión crítica de la literatura
Resumen
El objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar aquellos estudios que mejor explican la medición y evaluación de las capacidades de innovación tecnológica a través de un análisis de la literatura especializada. Para ello, se recopiló una muestra final de 125 artículos empírico-causales de Scopus y WOS y se realizaron las cuatro etapas de la metodología PRISMA (identificación, cribado, elegibilidad e inclusión). Los resultados señalan cuatro vertientes que demarcan las tendencias de investigación en temáticas básicas, en declive, de nicho y tractoras. Se evidenció que, para el desarrollo del conocimiento, los trabajos que se acuñan en (1) modelación y (2) simulación como una estrategia metodológica para la medición, evaluación y comprensión de cómo se acumulan las CIT, y cuál es su efecto en el desempeño de las organizaciones, son tendencias tractoras que aportan a las teorías de la visión basada en los recursos, las capacidades y las competencias de la firma. Las temáticas encontradas demostraron una implicación práctica para los tomadores de decisiones. Finalmente, se concluye que la medición, evaluación y acumulación de las CIT es un instrumento de diagnóstico que ayuda en la orientación y construcción de política, entendiendo que la evaluación implica, además de un diagnóstico valorativo y comparativo, la toma de decisiones estratégicas que conlleva a una mejor comprensión del proceso de transición de las CIT que permita alcanzar desempeños esperados.
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