El compromiso en las organizaciones: revisión sistemática y evolución teórica del concepto de la propensión instrumental al compromiso organizacional
Resumen
Objetivo: el objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática fue analizar la evolución teórica del constructo propensión instrumental al compromiso organizacional.
Diseño/Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática, basada en las directrices PRISMA, de los artículos académicos publicados entre 1958 y 2024 sobre el concepto de propensión instrumental al compromiso organizacional.
Resultados: fue posible distinguir dos etapas con respecto a su desarrollo teórico, a) etapa de costos, inversiones y sacrificios, de 1958 a 2024, que se basa en las expectativas sobre el costo-beneficio entre el individuo y la organización; y b) etapa de propensión instrumental al compromiso organizacional, de 1975 a 2014; el concepto evoluciona hacia la manifestación de una propensión o inclinación del individuo a comprometerse con su organización con base en el beneficio que representa quedarse laborando.
Conclusión: la evolución teórica de la propensión instrumental al compromiso organizacional revela un cambio desde un enfoque centrado en costos y sacrificios hacia uno basado en beneficios percibidos. Esta transición permite anticipar el compromiso desde etapas tempranas del empleo. El análisis aporta fundamentos para futuras escalas de medición y prácticas en gestión del talento.
Originalidad: este trabajo identifica dos etapas fundamentales en el desarrollo de la propensión instrumental al compromiso organizacional y permite reconocer las variables para medirlo en una etapa temprana de desarrollo.
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