Capacidades de innovación en el sector público: una revisión sistemática de literatura
Resumen
Objetivo: la presente revisión de literatura tuvo como objetivo analizar cómo se ha abordado el estudio de las capacidades de innovación en el sector público desde el punto de vista de la definición conceptual, los métodos de medición y la agenda para futuras investigaciones.
Diseño/Metodología: la investigación empleó un enfoque cualitativo de alcance descriptivo. Específicamente, se acudió al método Prisma, con el cual se identificaron 56 documentos que fueron revisados a profundidad.
Resultados: Se evidenció que la medición de las capacidades de innovación aún carece de acuerdos que permitan trabajar con variables unificadas, que guíen el diseño de métricas para desarrollar ejercicios de diagnóstico y puesta en marcha de planes para mejorar los procesos de innovación. Las escalas han privilegiado la adopción de métricas propias del sector privado, siendo necesario ajustarlas al contexto del sector público. Por último, la agenda de investigación plantea la necesidad de focalizar cuatro categorías de análisis: crisis y capacidades de innovación, inteligencia colectiva y capacidades de innovación, tecnologías emergentes y capacidades de innovación en el sector público e innovación y capacidades de innovación.
Conclusiones: si bien las capacidades de innovación han sido ampliamente trabajadas en el contexto del sector privado, aún falta por desarrollar más estudios de enfoque cualitativo, cuantitativo y mixto que ayuden a generar una taxonomía clara sobre la temática en el contexto del sector público, más aún cuando el mismo presenta características particulares que difieren notoriamente del privado.
Originalidad: el estudio aporta a la discusión sobre capacidades de innovación en el sector público, mostrando la necesidad de desarrollar trabajos que aboguen por considerar contextos de países emergentes, las particularidades del sector público y la unificación de un modelo general que sirva como referencia para futuros trabajos académicos y empíricos.
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