Rectenna de doble banda para la captación de energía inalámbrica en las bandas de 2.40 GHz y 5.38 GHz
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio, plasmado en este documento, fue implementar una rectenna para aplicaciones de área local inalámbrica 2.45 GHz y 5.38 GHz. Para ello, se estableció que las dimensiones de la antena fueran de 18 mm × 44 mm, la cual se simula mediante el software de optimización CST Studio, fabricada en sustrato FR4 con grosor de 1.6 mm, donde el material conductor posee un espesor de 0.035 mm. Asimismo, se utilizó la técnica de ranuras rectangulares para mejorar el ancho de banda de la antena; esta técnica consiste en insertar ranuras en la estructura con el fin de modificar el desplazamiento de la corriente de superficie. Lo anterior presentó una ganancia de 2.49 dB en la frecuencia de 2.45 GHz y de 4.01 dB en la frecuencia de 5.38 GHz. La antena propuesta para aplicaciones de recolección de energía de RF exhibe un patrón de radiación tipo dipolo, el cual mejora la captura de energía de RF desde varias direcciones. El rectificador de triple banda ranurada con red de adaptación de impedancia en forma de T se diseñó en FR4, utilizando un diodo Schotkky HSMS-286C para el cambio de control de RF AC a DC. Como fuente emisora de RF se empleó un enrutador inalámbrico tp-link TL-WR940N a una distancia de 30 cm de separación entre este y la rectenna propuesta. La salida de corriente continua de la rectenna es de 3 voltios con una potencia de señal generada de 20 dBm a 2.4 GHz. La rectenna de bajo coste puede ser utilizada para aplicaciones de carga de energía en sistemas de la internet de las cosas (IoT).
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