Flotación por aire disuelto: una revisión desde la perspectiva de los parámetros del sistema y usos en el tratamiento de aguas residuales
Resumen
La actual problemática de cambio climático y alta demanda de agua dulce a nivel mundial ha promovido la implementación de tecnologías para la regeneración de las aguas residuales. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar la eficiencia del sistema de flotación por aire disuelto (DAF) en una amplia variedad de aplicaciones en los sectores agrícola, industrial, doméstico y municipal, los cuales presentan un elevado consumo de agua dulce en el mundo. Por tal motivo se realizó una revisión sistemática de la técnica de DAF utilizada para el tratamiento de aguas residuales en el periodo 2015-2021. Se revisaron seis bases de datos indexadas y reportes estadísticos gubernamentales, las palabras claves fueron flotación por aire disuelto, microburbujas, tratamiento de aguas residuales y los principales parámetros de operación y diseño que intervienen en la eficacia del proceso de flotación, junto con un análisis de los estudios de coagulantes sintéticos más comunes utilizados con DAF, así como de los coagulantes naturales que prometen mitigar el cambio climático actual. Por último, se discuten las ventajas, los inconvenientes y los posibles estudios futuros. Se observó que DAF tiene un potencial considerable para el tratamiento de aguas residuales, así como para la utilización de residuos. La generación de grandes cantidades de lodos de DAF es una brecha para la producción de energía limpia, pues permite utilizar estos residuos para la producción de biogás.
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