Optimización convexa estocástica para la corrección del factor de potencia óptimo en microrredes con generación fotovoltaica
Resumen
Esta investigación se centró en el desarrollo de una metodología para el cálculo del factor de potencia óptimo (OPF) en micro redes con generación fotovoltaica, con el fin de usar los inversores solares como compensadores reactivos, los cuales cambiaran su factor de potencia de acuerdo a las necesidades de la carga. La metodología desarrollada planteó un modelo de optimización convexo con múltiples restricciones para resolver el problema de OPF; además, fue implementada la linealización de Wirtinger en la ecuación de balance de potencia. Se consideró el comportamiento estocástico de la radiación solar utilizando la aproximación de muestreo promedio (ASA) para generar escenarios solares, los cuales son usados para calcular la magnitud de la generación de los sistemas fotovoltaicos para horas específicas del día. Finalmente, se ejecutó el algoritmo en la red de pruebas de 19 nodos de CIGRE. La metodología propuesta mostró que, a medida que el nivel de radiación incrementa en el transcurso del día, más escenarios de radiación pueden ser puestos a prueba, lo cual aumenta la precisión del valor de factor de potencia para cada sistema PV. Aunque la idea general en los sistemas de potencia es tener un factor de potencia unitario, el algoritmo brindó como resultado factores de potencia con valores inferiores a uno en algunos inversores. Esto representa una inyección de potencia reactiva desde los inversores para suplir las necesidades de reactivos de las cargas conectadas cerca a dichos generadores PV, lo cual se refleja en una variación en la magnitud del factor de potencia.
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