Convertidores de potencia para microrredes y sistemas de generación distribuidos
Resumen
Este artículo presenta una visión general y una discusión crítica sobre la utilización de convertidores de potencia en varias configuraciones de microrredes que incorporan fuentes de energía renovable no convencionales y almacenamiento de energía. La metodología se desarrolla sobre 69 trabajos publicados en este tema de investigación. Los documentos se seleccionan de bases de datos en ingeniería eléctrica, p. ej. IEEExplore, ScienceDirect, Springer, MDPI, etc. Luego, los artículos se clasifican según su enfoque, es decir, convertidores de potencia en microrredes o convertidores de potencia en sistemas de distribución. Se proponen al menos tres clasificaciones y una de ellas se realiza sobre más de 40 artículos sobre convertidores de potencia utilizados en microrredes y sistemas de distribución eléctrica. Dada la gran variedad de microrredes y sus configuraciones, la selección de convertidores de potencia apropiados para cada escenario no es trivial; por lo tanto, este trabajo también clasifica a los convertidores en su aplicación más común, sus ventajas y desventajas, y también señala el dominio de estudio, es decir, simulación o implementación física. Una de las principales conclusiones extraídas de la visión general es una brecha identificada en el estudio de las microrredes de corriente continua / corriente continua a pesar de ser la configuración más simple entre las tres configuraciones analizadas. Esto se debe a que las microrredes híbridas y de corriente alterna son las más utilizadas ya que permiten aprovechar la infraestructura de los sistemas eléctricos actuales.
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