Evaluación probabilística y armónica de parámetros de calidad de energía de recursos energéticos distribuidos en una red de distribución
Resumen
Los recursos energéticos distribuidos (RED) son actores líderes en la transición energética en todo el mundo. A pesar de los beneficios ambientales, los RED son intermitentes (la energía de consumo/generación cambia según las variables de entrada), y el uso de dispositivos de electrónica de potencia afecta la calidad de la energía en las redes de distribución. Por lo general, se proponen modelos y simulaciones (deterministas o probabilísticas) para estimar dichos impactos. Sin embargo, estudios previos han analizado los principales efectos causados por uno o dos RED durante un día, con un nivel de detalle reducido en la metodología aplicada en el modelado y evaluación de impacto, o sin considerar que el nivel de distorsión armónica depende de las variables de entrada. El objetivo del presente artículo fue desarrollar un enfoque de simulación armónica probabilística para caracterizar el efecto horario de los sistemas fotovoltaicos (SFV), los sistemas de almacenamiento de energía de baterías y las estaciones de carga de vehículos eléctricos en un alimentador de prueba IEEE de 34 nodos. La estimación del efecto individual y colectivo del RED consistió en la cuantificación horaria del valor efectivo de tensión, desequilibrio de tensión, factor de potencia y distorsión armónica, con datos obtenidos mediante co-simulación Python y PowerFactory para 23 escenarios de operación. Estos impactos fueron evaluados a través de indicadores propuestos en la literatura y pruebas de hipótesis (estadística inferencial). Cada RED generalmente opera en un momento específico, lo que facilita la identificación de los efectos individuales de los parámetros de la red. El SFV aumentó el valor de voltaje efectivo y la distorsión armónica total. Sin embargo, los vehículos eléctricos y las baterías aumentan el desequilibrio de tensión y el factor de potencia debido a la conexión bifásica en algunos nodos de la red.
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Ministerio de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología, República Dominicana,Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación
Números de la subvención Project – Contract No. 80740-191-2019
