Extraction of Antioxidants from Blueberries (Vaccinium Corymbosum): Effect of Green Solvents on Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Capacity and Electrochemical Behavior
Abstract
In this study the effect of green solvents such as ethanol/water (EtOH/H2O), acetic acid/water (CH3COOH/H2O), and ethanol/acetic acid/water (EtOH/CH3COOH/H2O) was evaluated on polyphenols extraction, specifically anthocyanins that come from Vaccinium corymbosum specie, to determine its antioxidant capacity using electrochemical behavior. Total anthocyanin content (CAT) and total polyphenols content (CPT) were determined in the extracts employing spectrophotometric techniques and antioxidant capacity (CA) through electrochemical behavior using cyclic voltammetry. When EtOH/H2O is used as a solvent system, a higher polyphenols extraction is achieved, (696.46 ± 26.55) mg equivalent of gallic acid /100 g in fresh basis sample (bh), with EtOH/CH3COOH/H2O solvent mixture, more content of anthocyanins was extracted, (82.09 ± 2.59) mg equivalent of cyaniding-3-glucoside/ 100 gbh of sample, which agrees with the antioxidant capacity by cyclic voltammetry, where the highest value was obtained for the EtOH/CH3COOH/H2O mixture (270.96 ± 10.74) µmol equivalent of gallic acid /100 gbh of sample), i.e., higher concentration of monomeric anthocyanins within the total polyphenol content were oxidized at the working electrode. There are significant differences between the effect of solvent evaluation in the extraction method on each average value achieved in evaluating aspects (CPT, CAT, and CA) with a confidence level of 95 %. Additionally, there is a “strong” positive correlation between CAT and antioxidant capacity (r = 0.95).
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