Redes neuronales convolucionales para la clasificación de componentes independientes de rs-fMRI
Resumen
La resonancia magnética funcional en estado de reposo (rs-fMRI) es una de las técnicas más relevantes en exploración cerebral. No obstante, la misma es susceptible a muchos factores externos que pueden ocluir la señal de interés. En este orden de ideas, las imágenes rs-fMRI han sido estudiadas desde diferentes enfoques, existiendo un especial interés en las técnicas de eliminación de artefactos a través del Análisis de Componentes Independientes (ICA por sus siglas en inglés). El enfoque es una herramienta poderosa para la separación ciega de fuentes donde es posible eliminar los elementos asociados a ruido. Sin embargo, dicha eliminación está sujeta a la identificación o clasificación de las componentes entregadas por ICA. En ese sentido, esta investigación se centró en encontrar una estrategia alternativa para la clasificación de las componentes independientes. El problema se abordó en dos etapas. En la primera de ellas, se redujeron las componentes (volúmenes 3D) a imágenes mediante el Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA por sus siglas en inglés) y con la obtención de los planos medios. Los métodos lograron una reducción de hasta dos órdenes de magnitud en peso de los datos y, además, demostraron conservar las características espaciales de las componentes independientes. En la segunda etapa, se usaron las reducciones para entrenar seis modelos de redes neuronales convolucionales. Las redes analizadas alcanzaron precisiones alrededor de 98 % en la clasificación e incluso se encontró una red con una precisión del 98.82 %, lo cual refleja la alta capacidad de discriminación de las redes neuronales convolucionales.
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