Pensando epistemologías desde el campo
Resumen
Pestre argumentó una vez que los estudios de laboratorios realizaron una ruptura epistemológica irreversible en el modo en que la ciencia era estudiada y concebida. Este artículo extiende esta idea para pensar problemas epistemológicos desde un espacio considerado históricamente como un sitio de producción de conocimientos degradado: el campo. Basándose en estudios históricos, sociológicos y antropológicos sobre las ciencias de campo, se discutió cómo esta puede complejizar y enriquecer los debates epistemológicos. Para esto se propusieron tres dimensiones epistémicas propias de estas áreas del conocimiento con la intención de ponerlas en relación con problemas relevantes para la filosofía de la ciencia y los estudios de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad. En primer lugar, se obtuvo cómo realizar ciencia en el campo implica contextualizar los objetos de conocimiento, en tanto, el trabajo de campo implica operar sobre un terreno no diseñado para investigar. En segundo lugar, se evidenció cómo los científicos de campo producen y movilizan conocimientos para poner bajo control y ordenar su lugar de trabajo. Por último, se señaló cómo las prácticas experimentales toman matices diferenciales en el campo. Al proporcionar estas tres dimensiones específicas de las ciencias de campo, el artículo contribuye al desarrollo ulterior de epistemologías contextualizadas.
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