Simulation of a Rectangular Spiral Microstrip Multiband Antenna for Radio Frequency Energy Harvest
Abstract
This study analyses the influence of variations in the thickness of the dielectric substrate and the position of the microstrip slots created in the radiating patch of a microstrip antenna. Automatic optimization software, i.e., CST Studio, was used to simulate an antenna for radio frequency energy harvesting made of ARLON AD450 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.5, tangential losses of 0.035 and a thickness of 3 mm. In this design, several slots were applied to form a square loop. The results show that, by increasing the thickness of the substrate that separates the ground plane from the radiating patch, the return loss of the parameter was reduced, and, at the same time, the antenna gain rose. Cutting out slots, as well as their thickness and location in the radiating patch, produced a shift in the antenna’s resonant frequency. Likewise, the array presented here allowed resonant frequencies around 1.6 GHz, 2.38 GHz, 3.38 GHz, and 4.16 GHz, with a gain between 2.48 dB and 7.66 dB. This antenna design produced improvements in gain and radiation pattern. Creating slots in the radiating patch modified the surface current distribution of the antenna and generated new resonant frequencies. The air gaps produced between the copper and the substrate improved the antenna’s performance. Similarly, the spaces created by the substrate between the ground plane and the radiating patch decreased the gain losses in the antenna due to the reduction of the copper caused when the slots were made. The proposed antenna presented a multiband behavior immediately after the slots were added to the patch. Evaluating substrates and structures is useful for developing integrated microstrip antennas for RF energy harvesting systems.
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