Agro-industrial waste, an opportunity for the circular economy
Abstract
The current production model, based on a linear economy of "Extract, Manufacture, Consume, Dispose of", means that the amount of waste generated is increasing. According to the United Nations, an estimated 11.2 billion tons of solid waste are collected worldwide each year and, according to the World Bank, global waste will grow by 70 % by 2050 unless urgent action is taken [1, 2]. Just to give a few examples, 1,000,000 plastic bottles are purchased worldwide every minute, and 5 trillion disposable plastic bags are used on the planet every year [1]. Furthermore, of all the plastic produced in history, only 9 % has been recycled, and approximately 12 % has been incinerated. Therefore, the remaining 79% has accumulated in landfills, dumps, or the environment. Fortunately, awareness of the treatment of plastic waste is increasing, due in part to the visibility of plastic waste in areas such as seas, beaches, and rivers.
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