Catalizadores homogéneos y heterogéneos de Fe3+, Co2+ y Cu2+ para la degradación de metilparatión en medio acuoso diluido
Resumen
La degradación de pesticidas (plaguicidas, herbicidas, fungicidas, entre otros) en medio acuoso constituye un tema de enorme importancia que contribuye a asegurar la calidad del agua de numerosas fuentes hídricas. En el presente trabajo se realizó la evaluación de sistemas catalíticos homogéneos (iones metálicos en solución) y heterogéneos (óxidos soportados en alúmina), basados en Fe3+, Co2+ y Cu2+, en la oxidación (degradación) del plaguicida metilparatión en medio acuoso, empleando peróxido de hidrógeno como oxidante bajo condiciones suaves de reacción (25 ºC y presión atmosférica). Los sólidos se caracterizaron por difracción de rayos X y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). El sistema Fe3+/H2O2 (sistema Fenton) constituye el catalizador homogéneo más activo, en comparación con los sistemas Co2+/H2O2 y Cu2+/H2O2. Los sólidos conformados por óxidos de cobalto, cobre o hierro y óxidos mixtos soportados en alúmina mostraron actividad catalítica a pH muy cercano a la neutralidad. Los sistemas mixtos Fe-Co-Cu/Al2O3, Co-Cu/Al2O3 y Fe-Co/Al2O3 fueron los sólidos de máxima actividad catalítica. Adicionalmente, se observó la influencia del soporte (-Al2O3) en el pH del medio de reacción, permitiendo el acercamiento de dichos valores a la neutralidad y con ello favoreciendo la actividad catalítica de los óxidos de cobalto y de cobre. Los resultados del presente estudio permiten avanzar en una nueva ruta de búsqueda de catalizadores para la eliminación de pesticidas organofosforados contaminantes de aguas residuales.Referencias bibliográficas
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