Estimación de características relevantes para el monitoreo de condición de motores de combustión interna a partir de señales de vibración
Resumen
El monitoreo de condición de motores de combustión interna (MCI) facilita que las operaciones del sector industrial moderno sean más rentables. En este sentido, las señales de vibración comúnmente son empleadas como un enfoque no invasivo para el análisis de MCI. Sin embargo, el monitoreo de MCI basado en vibraciones presenta un desafío relacionado con las propiedades de la señal, la cual es altamente dinámica y noestacionaria, sin mencionar las diversas fuentes presentes durante el proceso de combustión. En este artículo, se propone una estrategia de análisis de relevancia orientada al monitoreo de MCI basado en vibraciones. Este enfoque incorpora tres etapas principales: descomposición de la señal utilizando un algoritmo de Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition, estimación de parámetros multi-dominio desde representaciones en tiempo y frecuencia, y una selección supervisada de características basada en Relief-F. Así, las señales de vibración se descomponen utilizando un análisis auto-adaptativo para representar la no-linealidad y no-estacionariedad de las series de tiempo. Luego, para codificar dinámicas complejas y/o no estacionarias, se calculan algunos parámetros en el dominio del tiempo y de la frecuencia. Posteriormente, se calcula un vector de índice de relevancia para cuantificar la contribución de cada una de las características multidominio para discriminar diferentes categorías de estimación de mezcla de combustible y diagnóstico de MCI. Los resultados de clasificación obtenidos (cercanos al 98% de acierto) en una base de datos de MCI, revelan como la propuesta planteada identifica un subconjunto de características relevantes en el monitorio de condición de MCI.
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