Retos y oportunidades para la industria minera como potencial impulsor del desarrollo en Colombia
Resumen
Colombia ha incluido la minería en su plan estratégico de desarrollo como principal motor productivo. Surgen intereses y apuestas de inversión internacional que potencian la expansión de la minería a gran escala. El oro sigue incrementando su valor en plena tormenta bursátil por la expansión del coronavirus, donde alcanza un precio de 1940 dólares-onza, se ubica en valores máximos durante los últimos años, demuestra ser el mecanismo en la huida del riesgo de inversores, se potencia la industria minera y, a su vez, la expansión de los procesos de minería artesanal y en pequeña-escala. Las consecuencias por la expansión de las actividades de extracción mineral pueden conducir a un estado de calamidad ambiental, no sólo social, sino a ecosistemas y salud de las comunidades aledañas. En este artículo, se hace una revisión de la literatura asociada a la industria minera, destacando los principales desafíos del sector a partir de la presentación de una mirada integral y multidisciplinar del entorno, resaltando algunos indicadores ambientales y su impacto en el ámbito local. Esto permite sugerir, desde la perspectiva académica, las bases mínimas para implementar mejores prácticas de política ambiental para desarrollar una producción minera sostenible. Para esto, se establecen los puntos críticos para la gestión normativa y la evaluación de la sostenibilidad, estrategia fundamental para la toma de decisiones en el sector. Estos puntos críticos permiten priorizar el desarrollo de métricas de eficiencia en el proceso de transformación mineral y, de esta manera, aportar a la construcción de indicadores comunes de protección de la biodiversidad. Desde el punto de vista social, la gestión integral permitirá fortalecer mejores prácticas y apelará por la responsabilidad social-corporativa, otorgándoles a las comunidades locales los mecanismos de participación necesarios para intervenir en los conflictos por las áreas mineras.
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