Sistema de gestión de energía descentralizado basado en multiagentes para operación de múltiples microrredes
Resumen
En años recientes, las microrredes han logrado un considerable desarrollo debido a que representan una alternativa técnica para responder a contingencias en la red de distribución, como también a incrementar el nivel de generación distribuida, entre otros beneficios. Por tal motivo, el presente artículo presenta un modelo de gestión energética basado en sistemas multiagentes para microrredes que operan en modo isla. El objetivo de esta investigación es el diseño de un sistema multiagente que permita gestionar el funcionamiento de un conjunto de microrredes distribuidas en un entorno aislado, además de mantener la correcta conexión con el bus común que une todas las microrredes, el sistema multiagente debe evitar sobrecargas y descargas profundas en las baterías. La metodología implementada es de tipo empírico analítica, la simulación comienza con una revisión del estado del arte, en búsqueda de una estrategia que permita coordinar un sistema de microrredes compuesto, donde estas están conectadas al mismo sistema de distribución operando en modo isla. La simulación del sistema se realizó mediante OpenDSS-G y Python. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que un sistema de gestión de energía descentralizado, basado en la teoría de sistemas de agentes múltiples, puede tener importantes beneficios como, por ejemplo, el carácter autónomo de las microrredes para la generación de energía en zonas no interconectadas. Finalmente, con la teoría de multiagente se pueden crear sistemas de generación distribuida más confiables debido a su capacidad autónoma de toma de decisiones, para cubrir demandas eléctricas desde microrredes vecinas y conjuntamente prevenir sobrecargas y profundas descargas en las baterías.
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