Fabricación y control de un sistema de desinfección con UV-C LED para ajo (Allium sativum L.) utilizado en siembra
Resumen
El proceso de desinfección es esencial para prevenir proliferación de bacterias que pueden contaminar los alimentos causando pérdida dentro de la cadena de suministro. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la propuesta tuvo como finalidad la fabricación y control de un sistema de desinfección integrando una banda transportadora multinivel y luz UV-C LED. La metodología consistió en adaptar la automatización al mecanismo, mediante la programación con base en GEMMA y GRAFCET. Se integró un Controlador Lógico Programable (PLC, por sus siglas en inglés) e Interfaz Hombre Máquina (HMI, por sus siglas en inglés) como elementos de control. Adicionalmente, se configuraron diferentes rutinas como la velocidad de la banda, altura de las lámparas, el tiempo de exposición, paro de emergencia y emisión de la luz UV-C LED en cada zona de radiación. Se realizó un conteo microbiológico para evaluar el proceso de desinfección de la semilla de ajo (Allium sativum L.), utilizando dosis reportadas en la literatura. Los resultados demostraron que la propuesta es un producto científico tecnológico semi-industrial. Los niveles de la banda transportadora permiten que la semilla de ajo rote durante el proceso de desinfección. Con un efecto germicida del 92.30 % en mesófilos aerobios, se atiende adecuadamente el funcionamiento de los mecanismos de transporte y emisión de luz UV-C LED. Se puede concluir que el sistema puede adaptarse a cualquier producto del sector agroindustrial, además la automatización se puede extender con la inclusión de mayores parámetros. Para trabajo futuro queda determinar la mejor dosis, manejo de otros productos y combinaciones de radiación UV LED, así como un conteo microbiológico más exhaustivo.
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