Estudio comparativo de modelos matemáticos para predecir el poder calorífico de residuos agrícolas mexicanos
Resumen
Los residuos agrícolas representan un problema de contaminación, dada su inadecuada disposición y elevados volúmenes generados. Por ello, su revalorización para producir biocombustibles es atractiva, para lo cual se requiere conocer su poder calorífico. Se han reportado modelos matemáticos para predecir el poder calorífico considerando análisis elementales, estructurales y proximales, siendo éstos últimos los de menor costo. Por ello, el presente trabajo realizó un estudio comparativo de los modelos matemáticos que predicen el poder calorífico con base en análisis elementales; dicho estudio considera: 1) residuos agrícolas procedentes de México (paja de frijol, paja de trigo, cascarilla de arroz, cascabillo de café), y 2) residuos reportados en la literatura (fibras y cáscaras de coco, residuos de jardín, cáscaras de canola, cáscaras de Jatropha curcas, paja de trigo), con el objetivo de determinar si los modelos existentes funcionan adecuadamente para las biomasas mexicanas. Para ello, las biomasas mexicanas son caracterizadas mediante análisis proximales; por otra parte, se estima el poder calorífico de todas las biomasas con modelos matemáticos lineales previamente reportados, y los resultados se comparan con los valores experimentales. Los resultados muestran que los coeficientes de determinación de los modelos matemáticos existentes son bajos, en particular al emplear datos de biomasas mexicanas. El mejor modelo para predecir el poder calorífico en residuos agrícolas mexicanos (R2 = 0.72) considera solamente el contenido de materia volátil y de carbono fijo, así como una débil funcionalidad del contenido de cenizas. Por ello, es necesario proponer modelos matemáticos específicamente para las biomasas mexicanas.
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